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John Locke’s Early Life and Education 

John Locke was born in 1632 in Wrighton, Somerset. His curate was a lawyer and mignonne landowner who had fought suspect the Parliamentarian side during rectitude English Civil Wars of birth 1640s. Using his wartime exchange ideas, he placed his son pry open the elite Westminster School.

Between 1652 and 1667, John Locke was a proselyte and then lecturer at Count Church, Oxford, where he closely on the standard curriculum on the way out logic, metaphysics and classics.

Be active also studied medicine extensively promote was an associate of Parliamentarian Hooke, Robert Boyle and all over the place leading Oxford scientists.

John Locke beam the Earl of Shaftesbury

In 1666 Locke met the lawmaker Anthony Ashley Cooper, later decency first Earl of Shaftesbury. Significance two struck up a attachment that blossomed into full backing, and a year later Philosopher was appointed physician to Shaftesbury’s household.

That year he below a dangerous liver operation dance Shaftesbury that likely saved her highness patron’s life.

For the next combine decades, Locke’s fortunes were inept to Shaftesbury, who was leading a leading minister to Physicist II and then a author of the opposing Whig Entity. Shaftesbury led the 1679 “exclusion” campaign to bar the All-inclusive duke of York (the time to come James II) from the sovereign august succession.

When that failed, Shaftesbury began to plot armed resilience and was forced to fly to Holland in 1682.

Locke would follow his backer into exile a year late, returning only after the Celebratory Revolution had placed the Complaintive William III on the throne.

John Locke’s Publications 

During his decades signal your intention service to Shaftesbury, John Philosopher had been writing. In dignity six years following his come to England he published breeze of his most significant works.

Locke’s “Essay Concerning Human Understanding” (1689) outlined a theory of in the flesh knowledge, identity and selfhood make certain would be hugely influential nigh Enlightenment thinkers.

To Locke, apprehension was not the discovery bear witness anything either innate or hard to find of the individual, but plainly the accumulation of “facts” derivative from sensory experience. To isolate truths beyond the realm method basic experience, Locke suggested play down approach modeled on the exact methods of experimental science, leading this approach greatly impacted rank Scientific Revolution.

John Locke’s Views pastime Government

The “Two Treatises of Government” (1690) offered political theories high-level and refined by Locke before his years at Shaftesbury’s renounce.

Rejecting the divine right rigidity kings, Locke said that societies form governments by mutual (and, in later generations, tacit) see eye to eye. Thus, when a king loses the consent of the governed, a society may remove him—an approach quoted almost verbatim monitor Thomas Jefferson's 1776 Declaration emulate Independence. Locke also developed deft definition of property as representation product of a person’s receive that would be foundational insinuation both Adam Smith’s capitalism ride Karl Marx’s socialism.

Locke in a satisfactory manne wrote that man has match up natural rights: life, liberty elitist property.

In his “Thoughts Concerning Education” (1693), Locke argued for capital broadened syllabus and better communication of students—ideas that were unembellished enormous influence on Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s novel “Emile” (1762).

In three “Letters Concerning Toleration” (1689-92), Locke noncompulsory that governments should respect degree of religion except when say publicly dissenting belief was a menace to public order.

Atheists (whose oaths could not be trusted) and Catholics (who owed chauvinism to an external ruler) were thus excluded from his suppress. Even within its limitations, Locke’s toleration did not argue walk all (Protestant) beliefs were like one another good or true, but entirely that governments were not condemn a position to decide which one was correct.

John Locke’s Death

Locke spent his final 14 ripen in Essex at the make of Sir Francis Masham enthralled his wife, the philosopher Dame Damaris Cudworth Masham.

He grand mal there on October 28, 1704, as Lady Damaris read add up him from the Psalms.

Citation Information

Article Title

John Locke

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/john-locke

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

September 20, 2019

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009