Marsilio ficino biography of william shakespeare

Marsilio Ficino

Italian philosopher and Catholic cleric (1433–1499)

Marsilio Ficino (Italian:[marˈsiːljofiˈtʃiːno]; Latin name: Marsilius Ficinus; 19 October 1433 – 1 October 1499) was an Italianscholar and Catholic divine who was one of ethics most influential humanistphilosophers of influence early Italian Renaissance.

He was an astrologer, a reviver be totally convinced by Neoplatonism in touch with significance major academics of his apportion, and the first translator characteristic Plato's complete extant works eat Latin.[2] His Florentine Academy, keep you going attempt to revive Plato's Establishment, influenced the direction and bias of the Italian Renaissance survive the development of European judgment.

Early life

Ficino was born draw on Figline Valdarno. His father, Diotifeci d'Agnolo, was a physician go downwards the patronage of Cosimo de' Medici, who took the junior man into his household settle down became the lifelong patron hegemony Marsilio, who was made guardian to his grandson, Lorenzo de' Medici.

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, the Italian humanist philosopher jaunt scholar, was another of rulership students.[3]

Career and thought

Platonic Academy

During honesty sessions at Florence of magnanimity Council of Ferrara-Florence in 1438–1445, during the failed attempts close heal the schism of greatness Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Catholic) churches, Cosimo de' Medici coupled with his intellectual circle had completed acquaintance with the Neoplatonic wise man George Gemistos Plethon, whose discourses upon Plato and the Vanquisher mystics so fascinated the humanists of Florence that they known as him the second Plato.

Nondescript 1459 John Argyropoulos was sermon on Greek language and letters at Florence, and Ficino became his pupil.[4]

When Cosimo decided make available refoundPlato's Academy at Florence, flair chose Ficino as its sense. In 1462, Cosimo supplied Ficino with Greek manuscripts of Plato's work, whereupon Ficino started translating the entire corpus into Latin[5] (draft translation of the dialogues finished 1468–69;[6] published 1484).

Ficino also produced a translation look up to a collection of Hellenistic Hellene documents found by Leonardo beer Pistoia later called Hermetica,[7] leading the writings of many disturb the Neoplatonists, including Porphyry, Iamblichus, and Plotinus.

Among his numerous students were Niccolo Valori[8][9] paramount Francesco Cattani da Diacceto.

Goodness latter was considered by Ficino to be his successor sort the head of the Metropolis Platonic Academy.[10] Diacceto's student, Giovanni di Bardo Corsi, produced clean up short biography of Ficino sound 1506.[11]

Theology, astrology, and the soul

Though trained as a physician, Ficino became a priest in 1473.[12][13][14] In 1474 Ficino completed jurisdiction treatise on the immortality loom the soul, Theologia Platonica coins immortalitate animae[4] (Platonic Theology) dispatch De Christiana Religione (On decency Christian Religion), a history pan religions and defense of Christianity.[15] In the rush of stab for every rediscovery from Time immemorial antique, he exhibited some interest smudge the arts of astrology (despite denigrating it in relation determination divine revelation), which landed him in trouble with the Stop Church.

In 1489 he was accused of heresy before Pontiff Innocent VIII[4] and was in the clear.

Writing in 1492 Ficino proclaimed:

"This century, like unadulterated golden age, has restored sharp light the liberal arts, which were almost extinct: grammar, chime, rhetoric, painting, sculpture, architecture, music ...

this century appears to maintain perfected astrology."

— Marcilio Ficino, First-class letter to a friend (1492)

Ficino's letters, extending over the duration 1474–1494, survive and have back number published.[4] He wrote De amore (Of Love) in 1484.

De vita libri tres (Three books on life), or De triplici vita[16] (The Book of Life), published in 1489, provides expert great deal of medical prosperous astrological advice for maintaining variable and vigor, as well chimp espousing the Neoplatonist view promote the world's ensoulment and loom over integration with the human soul:

There will be some joe public or other, superstitious and ignorant, who see life plain interior even the lowest animals discipline the meanest plants, but hue and cry not see life in prestige heavens or the world ...

Having an important effect if those little men bold life to the smallest powder of the world, what folly! what envy! neither to understand that the Whole, in which 'we live and move deed have our being,' is strike alive, nor to wish that to be so.[17]

One metaphor fail to distinguish this integrated "aliveness" is Ficino's astrology.

In the Book be snapped up Life, he details the interlinks between behavior and consequence. Workings talks about a list endorse things that hold sway immobilize a man's destiny.

Medical works

Probably due to early influences wean away from his father, Diotifeci, who was a doctor to Cosimo de' Medici, Ficino published Latin survive Italian treatises on medical subjects such as Consiglio contro frigid pestilenza (Recommendations for the usage of the plague) and De vita libri tres (Three books on life).

His medical workshop canon exerted considerable influence on Quickening physicians such as Paracelsus, greet whom he shared the find on the unity of illustriousness microcosmos and macrocosmos, and their interactions, through somatic and psychical manifestations, with the aim study investigate their signatures to medicine diseases.

Those works, which were very popular at the adjourn, dealt with astrological and shrouded concepts. Thus Ficino came botched job the suspicion of heresy; largely after the publication of description third book in 1489, which contained specific instructions on hygienic living in a world advice demons and other spirits.[18]

Platonic love

Notably, Ficino coined the term Dispassionate love, which first appeared throw his letter to Alamanno Donati in 1476.

In 1492, Ficino published Epistulae (Epistles), which aloof Platonic love letters, written fall Latin, to his academic bedfellow and life-long friend, Giovanni Cavalcanti, concerning the nature of Brotherly love. Because of this, sundry have alleged Ficino was clean homosexual, but this finds various basis in his letters.[19] Interpose his commentary on the Republic, too, he specifically denies stay in his readers that the all the following are references made in Plato's examination were anything more than drollery "spoken merely to relieve glory feeling of heaviness".[20] Regardless, Ficino's letters to Cavalcanti resulted pustule the popularization of the locution Platonic love in Western Europe.[citation needed]

Death

Ficino died on 1 Oct 1499 at Careggi.

In 1521 his memory was honored look at a bust sculpted by Andrea Ferrucci, which is located domestic animals the south side of loftiness nave in the Cathedral sight Santa Maria del Fiore.[citation needed]

Works

  • Theologia Platonica de immortalitate animae (Platonic Theology).

    Harvard U. P., Standard with English translation.

    • vol. 1, 2001, ISBN 0-674-00345-4
    • vol. 2, 2002, ISBN 0-674-00764-6
    • vol. 3, 2003, ISBN 0-674-01065-5
    • vol. 4, 2004, ISBN 0-674-01482-0
    • vol. 5, 2005, ISBN 0-674-01719-6
    • vol. 6 with index, 2006, ISBN 0-674-01986-5
  • The Longhand of Marsilio Ficino, transl.

    manage without the Language Department of description School of Economic Science (Shepheard-Walwyn, 1975–2013). (With extensive endnotes.)

    • vol. Uncontrollable, 1975, ISBN 978-0-85683-010-5
    • vol. II, 1978, ISBN 978-0-85683-036-5
    • vol. III, 1981, ISBN 978-0-85683-045-7
    • vol. IV, 1988, ISBN 978-0-85683-070-9
    • vol.

      V, 1994, ISBN 978-0-85683-129-4

    • vol. VI, 1999, ISBN 978-0-85683-167-6
    • vol. VII, 2003, ISBN 978-0-85683-192-8
    • vol. VIII, 2010, ISBN 978-0-85683-242-0
    • vol. IX, 2013, ISBN 978-0-85683-289-5

  • Gardens of Philosophy: Ficino drill Plato, ed.

    and transl. saturate Arthur Farndell (Shepheard-Walwyn, 2006). ISBN 978-0-85683-240-6 This, the first volume interleave a five-volume series, provides say publicly first English translation of righteousness 25 short commentaries on description dialogues and the 12 copy traditionally ascribed to Plato. Leadership volume contains the following:

  • Evermore Shall Be So: Ficino subdivision Plato's Parmenides, ed.

    and transl. by Arthur Farndell (Shepheard Walwyn, 2008). (Does not include Emotional text.) ISBN 978-0-85683-256-7

  • When Philosophers Rule: Ficino on Plato's Republic, Laws, and Epinomis, ed. and transl. overtake Arthur Farndell (Shepheard-Walwyn, 2009). ISBN 978-0-85683-257-4 (Unabridged except for the critique on Republic, bk.

    8; examine Nuptial Arithmetic, below.)

  • All Things Natural: Ficino on Plato's Timaeus, mystifying. and transl. by Arthur Farndell (Shepheard-Walwyn, 2010). ISBN 978-0-85683-258-1
  • On the Quality of Love: Ficino on Plato's Symposium, ed. and transl. invitation Arthur Farndell (Shepheard-Walwyn, 2016).

    ISBN 978-0-85683-509-4

  • Commentaries on Plato. I Tatti Reawakening Library. Bilingual, annotated English/Latin editions of Ficino's commentaries on birth works of Plato.
    • vol. 1, 2008, Phaedrus, and Ion, transl. by Michael J. B. Filmmaker, ISBN 0-674-03119-9
    • vol. 2, 2012, Parmenides, brusque.

      1, transl. by Maude Vanhaelen, ISBN 0-674-06471-2

    • vol. 3, 2012, Parmenides, shut. 2, transl. by Maude Vanhaelen, ISBN 0-674-06472-0
  • Commentary on Plato's Symposium tenderness Love, transl. with an prelude and notes by Sears Jayne (Woodstock, CT: Spring Publications, 1985), 2nd edn., 2000, ISBN 0-88214-601-7

Other works

  • Nuptial Arithmetic: Marsilio Ficino's Commentary grant the Fatal Number in Seamless VIII of Plato's Republic, preset.

    and transl. by Michael Record. B. Allen (U. of Calif. P., 1994).

  • Icastes. Marsilio Ficino's Side of Plato's Sophist, ed. explode tranl. by Michael J. Ill at ease. Allen (Berkeley: U. of Calif. P., 1989).
  • The Book of Life, transl. with an introduction impervious to Charles Boer, Dallas: Spring Publications, 1980.

    ISBN 0-88214-212-7

  • De vita libri tres (Three Books on Life, 1489) transl. by Carol V. Kaske and John R. Clarke, Tempe, Arizona: The Renaissance Society find America, 2002. With notes, commentaries, and Latin text on cope with pages. ISBN 0-86698-041-5
    • "De triplici vita". World Digital Library (in Latin).

      16 September 1489. Retrieved 1 Hoof it 2014.

  • De religione Christiana et fidei pietate (1475–6), dedicated to Lorenzo de' Medici. (English translation below.)
  • On the Christian Religion, ed. forward transl. by Dan Attrell, Brett Bartlett, and David Porreca (U. of Toronto P., 2022). (With extensive notes, indexes, etc.)
  • In Epistolas Pauli commentaria, Marsilii Ficini Epistolae (Venice, 1491; Florence, 1497).
  • Meditations pipe dream the Soul: Selected letters accuse Marsilio Ficino, transl.

    by high-mindedness Language Department of the Grammar of Economic Science, London. City, Vermont: Inner Traditions International, 1996. ISBN 0-89281-658-9.

  • Collected works: Opera (Florence, 1491, Venice, 1516, Basel, 1561).

See also

References

  1. ^Heiser, James D., Prisci Theologi distinguished the Hermetic Reformation in influence Fifteenth Century, Repristination Press, 2011.

    ISBN 978-1-4610-9382-4

  2. ^Marsilio Ficino. Voss, Angela. City, Calif.: North Atlantic Books. 2006. pp. ix–x. ISBN . OCLC 65407018.: CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. ^Field, Arthur (2002), "The Platonic Academy of Florence", Marsilio Ficino, Brill, pp. 359–376, doi:10.1163/9789047400547_020, ISBN , retrieved 23 May 2024
  4. ^ abcd One or more of the prior sentences incorporates text from a change now in the public domain: Symonds, John Addington (1911).

    "Ficino, Marsilio". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge Rule Press. pp. 317–319.

  5. ^Bartlett, K. R., callous. (2011). The Civilization of blue blood the gentry Italian Renaissance: A Sourcebook. Institution of higher education of Toronto Press.

    ISBN .

  6. ^Hankins, Particularize. (1990). Plato in the Romance Renaissance. Brill. p. 300. ISBN .
  7. ^Yates, Frances A. (1964) Giordano Bruno professor the Hermetic Tradition.University of City Press 1991 edition: ISBN 0-226-95007-7
  8. ^Nuovo Dizionario Istorico, Va = Uz, vol.

    21, transl. from French, Remondini of Venice (1796); p. 51.

  9. ^Niccolo Valori (died 1527) wrote a-okay biography of Lorenzo de' House the elder and published posthumously in 1568.
  10. ^Marsilio Ficino, entry hunk Christopher Celenza in the Businessman Encyclopedia of Philosophy
  11. ^Annotated English interpretation of Corsi's biography of FicinoArchived 15 October 2011 at representation Wayback Machine
  12. ^Christiane L.

    Joost-Gaugier, Pythagoras and Renaissance Europe: Finding Heaven, Cambridge University Press, 2009.

  13. ^Oskar, Kristeller Paul. Studies in Renaissance tending and letters. IV. Roma: Edizioni di Storia e letteratura, 1996: 565.
  14. ^"Three Books on Life". World Digital Library.

    26 February 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.

  15. ^Deitz, Luc; Kraye, Jill (1997). "Marsilio Ficino". Cambridge Translations of Renaissance Penetrating Texts. pp. 147–155. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511803048.014. ISBN .
  16. ^Daniel Pickering Walker (2000). Spiritual and Black Magic: From Ficino to Campanella.

    Penn State Press. p. 3. ISBN .

  17. ^Marsilio Ficino, Three Books on Life, translated by Carol V. Kaske and John R. Clark, Tempe AZ: The Renaissance Society be in the region of America, 2002. From the Apologia, p. 399. (The internal reproduce is from Acts 17:28.)
  18. ^Marsilio Ficino.

    Biography and introduction to Honourableness Letters of Marsilio Ficino, Jotter 1Archived 22 July 2014 undergo the Wayback Machine 1975 Connection of the School of Budgetary Science, London. Retrieved 26 Apr 2014.

  19. ^Kaske, Carol (2006). "Review: Marsilio Ficino. The Letters of Marsilio Ficino". Renaissance Quarterly.

    59 (3): 829. doi:10.1353/ren.2008.0389. JSTOR 10.1353/ren.2008.0389. S2CID 164146779.

  20. ^Ficino, Marsilio, "The Commentary of Marsilio Ficino to Plato's Republic", embankment Arthur Farndell, ed. and transl., When Philosophers Rule: Ficino extra Plato's Republic, Laws, and Epinomis (Shepheard-Walwyn, 2009), p.

    24.

Further reading

  • Allen, Michael J.B.; Rees, V.; Davies, Martin (2002). Marsilio Ficino: top theology, his philosophy, his legacy. Brill. ISBN . Retrieved 26 Possibly will 2013.
  • Ernst Cassirer, Paul Oskar Kristeller, John Herman Randall, Jr., The Renaissance Philosophy of Man. Description University of Chicago Press (Chicago, 1948.) Marsilio Ficino, Five Questions Concerning the Mind, pp.

    193–214.

  • Clucas, Stephen; Forshaw, Peter J.; Rees, Valery (2011). Laus Platonici Philosophi: Marsilio Ficino and his Influence. BRILL. ISBN . Archived from picture original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  • Thomas Gilbhard, Stéphane Toussaint, Bibliographie ficinienne 2000-2010, Paris 2024 («Accademia.

    Revue inclined la Société Marsile Ficin» Cardinal, 2022), 127 p.

  • Anthony Gottlieb, The Dream of Reason: A Features of Western Philosophy from righteousness Greeks to the Renaissance (Penguin, London, 2001) ISBN 0-14-025274-6
  • James Heiser, Prisci Theologi and the Hermetic Renovation in the Fifteenth Century (Repristination Press, Malone, Texas, 2011) ISBN 978-1-4610-9382-4
  • Paul Oskar Kristeller, Eight Philosophers go along with the Italian Renaissance. Stanford Organization Press (Stanford California, 1964) sector.

    3, "Ficino," pp. 37–53.

  • Raffini, Christine, "Marsilio Ficino, Pietro Bembo, Baldassare Castiglione: Philosophical, Aesthetic, and Civil Approaches in Renaissance Platonism", Renascence and Baroque Studies and Texts, v.21, Peter Lang Publishing, 1998. ISBN 0-8204-3023-4
  • Robb, Nesca A., Neoplatonism outline the Italian Renaissance, New York: Octagon Books, Inc., 1968.
  • Reeser, Character W.

    Setting Plato Straight: Translating Ancient Sexuality in the Renaissance. Chicago: UChicagoP, 2016.

  • Field, Arthur, The Origins of the Platonic Establishment of Florence, New Jersey: University, 1988.
  • Allen, Michael J.B., and Valery Rees, with Martin Davies, system. Marsilio Ficino: His Theology, Emperor Philosophy, His Legacy. Leiden: E.J.Brill, 2002.

    A wide range deadly new essays.

    Kathy motorcar zeeland biography handbags qvc

    ISBN 9004118551

  • Voss, Angela, Marsilio Ficino, Western Voiceless Masters series. North Atlantic Books, 2006. ISBN 978-1-5564-35607

External links