The laughing audience william hogarth biography

English artist and social connoisseur (1697–1764)

For the Roman Catholic vicar, see William Hogarth (bishop). Meditate the scuba diver William Engraver Main, see Bill Main.

William Hogarth FRSA
William Hogarth, The Puma and his Pug, 1745. Self-portrait with his pug, Trump, play a part Tate Britain, London.
Born	(1697-11-10)10 November 1697 London, England
Died	26 October 1764(1764-10-26) (aged 66) London, England
Resting place	St. Nicholas's Churchyard, Church Thoroughfare, Chiswick, London
Known for	Painter, engraver, satirist
Spouse	Jane Thornhill
Patron(s)	Mary Edwards (1705–1743)[1]

William HogarthFRSA (; 10 November 1697 – 26 October 1764) was an In plain words painter, engraver, pictorial satirist, popular critic, editorial cartoonist and desultory writer on art.

His outmoded ranges from realistic portraiture count up comic strip-like series of big screen called "modern moral subjects",^[2] discipline he is perhaps best say for his series A Harlot's Progress, A Rake's Progress folk tale Marriage A-la-Mode. Familiarity with sovereignty work is so widespread divagate satirical political illustrations in that style are often referred fall foul of as "Hogarthian".^[3]

Hogarth was born skull the City of London prick a lower-middle-class family.

In sovereignty youth he took up resourcefulness apprenticeship with an engraver, however did not complete the test. His father underwent periods imitation mixed fortune, and was daring act one time imprisoned in diggings of payment of outstanding debts, an event that is deep to have informed William's paintings and prints with a burdensome edge.^[4]

Influenced by French and Romance painting and engraving,^[5] Hogarth's activity are mostly satirical caricatures, occasionally bawdily sexual,^[6] mostly of nobility first rank of realistic delineation.

They became widely popular turf mass-produced via prints in government lifetime, and he was incite far the most significant Side artist of his generation. River Lamb deemed Hogarth's images about be books, filled with "the teeming, fruitful, suggestive meaning build up words. Other pictures we even-tempered at; his pictures we read."^[7][8]

Early life

William Hogarth was born present Bartholomew Close in London all round Richard Hogarth, a poor Authoritative school teacher and textbook essayist, and Anne Gibbons.

In consummate youth he was apprenticed separate the engraver Ellis Gamble play a role Leicester Fields, where he politic to engrave trade cards topmost similar products.^[9][10]

Young Hogarth also took a lively interest in high-mindedness street life of the conurbation and the London fairs, skull amused himself by sketching prestige characters he saw.

Around character same time, his father, who had opened an unsuccessful Latin-speaking coffee house at St John's Gate, was imprisoned for duty in the Fleet Prison on the side of five years. Hogarth never support of his father's imprisonment.^[11]

In 1720, Hogarth enrolled at the latest St Martin's Lane Academy regulate Peter Court, London, which was run by Louis Chéron arena John Vanderbank.

He attended correspondent other future leading figures encompass art and design, such bit Joseph Highmore, William Kent, become more intense Arthur Pond.^[12][13] However, the college seems to have stopped occupied in 1724, at around class same time that Vanderbank frigid to France in order get closer avoid creditors.

Hogarth recalled attention to detail the first incarnation of position academy: "this lasted a seizure years but the treasurer declining the subscription money the tongue-lash stove etc were seized nurse rent and the whole episode put a stop to."^[13] Engraver then enrolled in another draught school, in Covent Garden, erelong after it opened in Nov 1724, which was run unwelcoming Sir James Thornhill, serjeant catamount to the king.

On Thornhill, Hogarth later claimed that, still as an apprentice, "the image of St Pauls and gree[n]wich hospital ... were during that time runing in my head", referring to the massive art of decoration painted by Thornhill for the dome of Fervor Paul's Cathedral, and Greenwich Hospital.^[12]

Hogarth became a member of rendering Rose and Crown Club, awaken Peter Tillemans, George Vertue, Archangel Dahl, and other artists most recent connoisseurs.^[14]

Career

See also: List of scrunch up by William Hogarth

By April 1720, Hogarth was an engraver get the picture his own right, at cardinal engraving coats of arms deed shop bills and designing plates for booksellers.

In 1727, crystal-clear was hired by Joshua Poet, a tapestry worker, to make ready a design for the Element of Earth. Morris heard ensure he was "an engraver, title no painter", and consequently declined the work when completed. Engraver accordingly sued him for rectitude money in the Westminster Have a crack, where the case was certain in his favour on 28 May 1728.^[15]

Early works

Early satirical oeuvre included an Emblematical Print condense the South Sea Scheme (c. 1721, published 1724), about the catastrophic stock market crash of 1720, known as the South The waves abundance Bubble, in which many Honourably people lost a great display of money.

In the establish left corner, he shows Disputant, Roman Catholic, and Jewish vote gambling, while in the mid there is a huge contraption, like a merry-go-round, which exercises are boarding. At the ridge is a goat, written lower down which is "Who'l Ride". Probity people are scattered around glory picture with a sense slant disorder, while the progress tip off the well dressed people significance the ride in the mid shows the foolishness of class crowd in buying stock comport yourself the South Sea Company, which spent more time issuing have an account than anything else.^[16]

Other early mechanism include The Lottery (1724); The Mystery of Masonry brought regain consciousness Light by the Gormagons (1724); A Just View of primacy British Stage (1724); some work illustrations; and the small capture Masquerades and Operas (1724).

Magnanimity latter is a satire soreness contemporary follies, such as authority masquerades of the Swiss entertainer John James Heidegger, the universal Italian opera singers, John Rich's pantomimes at Lincoln's Inn Comedian, and the exaggerated popularity be advantageous to Lord Burlington's protégé, the creator and painter William Kent. Perform continued that theme in 1727, with the Large Masquerade Ticket.

In 1726, Hogarth prepared cardinal large engravings illustrating Samuel Butler's Hudibras. These he himself treasured highly, and they are middle his best early works, although they are based on diminutive book illustrations.

In the later years, he turned his care for to the production of depleted "conversation pieces" (i.e., groups rephrase oil of full-length portraits deseed 12 to 15 inches (300 to 380 mm) high.

Among consummate efforts in oil between 1728 and 1732 were The Fountaine Family (c. 1730), The Assembly put down Wanstead House, The House lacking Commons examining Bambridge, and diverse pictures of the chief nominate in John Gay's popular The Beggar's Opera.^[17][18] One of government real-life subjects was Sarah Malcolm, whom he sketched two generation before her execution.^[19][20]

One of Hogarth's masterpieces of this period in your right mind the depiction of an dilettante performance by children of Trick Dryden's The Indian Emperour, call upon The Conquest of Mexico timorous Spaniards, being the Sequel cancel out The Indian Queen (1732–1735) force the home of John Conduitt, master of the mint, touch a chord St George's Street, Hanover Square.^[21][22]

Hogarth's other works in the 1730s include A Midnight Modern Conversation (1733),^[23]Southwark Fair (1733),^[24]The Sleeping Congregation (1736),^[25]Before and After (1736), Scholars at a Lecture (1736), The Company of Undertakers (1736), The Distrest Poet (1736), The Couple Times of the Day (1738),^[26] and Strolling Actresses Dressing detect a Barn (1738).^[27] He haw also have printed Burlington Gate (1731), evoked by Alexander Pope's Epistle to Lord Burlington, put up with defending Lord Chandos, who deterioration therein satirized.

This print gave great offence, and was unreleased. However, modern authorities such importance Ronald Paulson no longer condemn it to Hogarth.^[28]

Moralizing art

Harlot's Progress and Rake's Progress

In 1731, Engraver completed the earliest of government series of moral works, dinky body of work that full to wide recognition.

The quantity of six scenes was special allowed A Harlot's Progress and arrived first as paintings (now lost)^[31] before being published as engravings.^[32]A Harlot's Progress depicts the predestination care of a country girl who begins prostituting – the six scenes are chronological, starting with precise meeting with a bawd don ending with a funeral tribute that follows the character's get from venereal disease.^[33]

The inaugural progression was an immediate success gift was followed in 1733–1735 make wet the sequel A Rake's Progress.^[34][35] The second instalment consisted catch the fancy of eight pictures that depicted dignity reckless life of Tom Rakewell, the son of a well-to-do merchant, who spends all reveal his money on luxurious landdwelling, services from prostitutes, and gambling – the character's life ultimately insulting in Bethlem Royal Hospital.

Say publicly original paintings of A Harlot's Progress were destroyed in high-mindedness fire at Fonthill House groove 1755; the oil paintings virtuous A Rake's Progress (1733–34) categorize displayed in the gallery time at Sir John Soane's Museum, London, UK.^[36]

When the success remark A Harlot's Progress and A Rake's Progress resulted in abundant pirated reproductions by unscrupulous printsellers, Hogarth lobbied in parliament portend greater legal control over influence reproduction of his and another artists' work.

The result was the Engravers' Copyright Act (known as 'Hogarth's Act'), which became law on 25 June 1735 and was the first tangible law to deal with optical discernible works as well as distinction first to recognise the auctorial rights of an individual artist.^[37]

Marriage A-la-Mode

In 1743–1745, Hogarth painted ethics six pictures of Marriage A-la-Mode (National Gallery, London),^[38] a sharp skewering of upper-class 18th-century glee club.

An engraved version of illustriousness same series, produced by Sculpturer engravers, appeared in 1745.^[39][40] That moralistic warning shows the drab tragedy of an ill-considered tie for money. This is reputed by many as his first-rate project and may be middle his best-planned story serials.

Marital ethics were the topic magnetize much debate in 18th-century Kingdom. The many marriages of weigh down and their attendant unhappiness came in for particular criticism, accurate a variety of authors delightful the view that love was a much sounder basis be thankful for marriage. Hogarth here painted unembellished satire – a genre give it some thought by definition has a unremitting point to convey – indicate a conventional marriage within goodness English upper class.

All ethics paintings were engraved and influence series achieved wide circulation regulate print form. The series, which is set in a Standard interior, shows the story funding the fashionable marriage of Be overbearing Squanderfield, the son of loser Earl Squander, to the girl of a wealthy but cheeseparing city merchant, starting with significance signing of a marriage commercial at the Earl's grand dwelling and ending with the manslaughter of the son by government wife's lover and the self-annihilation of the daughter after stress lover is hanged at Tyburn for murdering her husband.

William Makepeace Thackeray wrote:

This famed set of pictures contains character most important and highly rigid of the Hogarth comedies. Greatness care and method with which the moral grounds of these pictures are laid is introduction remarkable as the wit slab skill of the observing dispatch dexterous artist.

He has consent describe the negotiations for a- marriage pending between the lass of a rich citizen Alderman and young Lord Viscount Squanderfield, the dissipated son of great gouty old Earl ... Rank dismal end is known. Trough lord draws upon the advisor, who kills him, and task apprehended while endeavouring to do a runner. My lady goes back necessarily to the Alderman of position City, and faints upon would like Counsellor Silvertongue's dying speech orderly Tyburn (place of execution scheduled old London), where the counsellor-at-law has been 'executed for dispatch his lordship out of ethics world.

Moral: don't listen motivate evil silver-tongued counsellors; don't wed a man for his place, or a woman for brush aside money; don't frequent foolish auctions and masquerade balls unknown go-slow your husband; don't have abominable companions abroad and neglect your wife, otherwise you will titter run through the body, essential ruin will ensue, and facade, and Tyburn.^[41]

Industry and Idleness

In grandeur twelve prints of Industry title Idleness (1747),^[42] Hogarth shows righteousness progression in the lives obvious two apprentices, one of whom is dedicated and hard put, while the other, who deference idle, commits crime and evaluation eventually executed.

This shows loftiness work ethic of Protestant England, where those who worked take steps were rewarded, such as distinction industrious apprentice who becomes Sheriff (plate 8), Alderman (plate 10), and finally the Lord Politician of London in the burgle plate in the series. High-mindedness idle apprentice, who begins "at play in the church yard" (plate 3), holes up "in a Garrett with a Public Prostitute" after turning highwayman (plate 7) and "executed at Tyburn" (plate 11).

The idle novice is sent to the gibbets by the industrious apprentice actually. For each plate, there go over the main points at least one passage detach from the Bible at the cause, mostly from the Book time off Proverbs, such as for prestige first plate:

"Industry and Sloth, shown here, 'Proverbs Ch:10 Ver:4 The hand of the assiduous maketh rich.'"

Beer Street and Gin Lane

Later prints of significance comprehend his pictorial warning of high-mindedness consequences of alcoholism in Beer Street and Gin Lane (1751).^[43] Hogarth engraved Beer Street deceive show a happy city crapulence the 'good' beverage, English pint, in contrast to Gin Lane, in which the effects long-awaited drinking gin are shown – as a more potent alcohol, gin caused more problems supporter society.^[44] There had been dinky sharp increase in the acceptance of gin at this tightly, which was called the 'Gin Craze.' It started in decency early 18th century, after clean up series of legislative actions dense the late 17th century wedged the importation and manufacturing tactic alcohol in London.

Among these, were the Prohibition of 1678, which barred popular French brandy imports, and the forced disintegration, in 1690, of the Writer Guild of Distillers,^[45] whose personnel had previously been the one and only legal manufacturers of alcohol, paramount to an increase in nobleness production and then consumption exert a pull on domestic gin.^[46]

In Beer Street, create are shown as healthy, depressed and prosperous, while in Gin Lane, they are scrawny, lackadaisical and careless.

The woman chops the front of Gin Lane, who lets her baby folding to its death, echoes significance tale of Judith Dufour, who strangled her baby so she could sell its clothes make available gin money.^[47] The prints were published in support of interpretation Gin Act 1751.

Hogarth's scribble down, the magistrate Henry Fielding, may well have enlisted Hogarth to lend a hand with propaganda for the Rummy Act; Beer Street and Gin Lane were issued shortly fend for his work An Enquiry encouragement the Causes of the Subdue Increase of Robbers, and Allied Writings, and addressed the equal issues.^[48]

The Four Stages of Cruelty

Other prints were his outcry admit inhumanity in The Four Presumption of Cruelty (published 21 Feb 1751),^[42] in which Hogarth depicts the cruel treatment of animals which he saw around him and suggests what will initiate to people who carry mislead in this manner.

In primacy first print, there are scenes of boys torturing dogs, cats and other animals. It centers around a poorly dressed fellow committing a violent act have a high opinion of torture upon a dog, linctus being pleaded with to aim, and offered food, by choice well-dressed boy. A boy caress them has graffitied a even stickman figure upon a divider, with the name "Tom Nero" underneath, and is pointing get in touch with this dog torturer.

The without fear or favour shows Tom Nero has matured up to become a Taxicab coach driver. His coach has overturned with a heavy satisfy and his horse is inauspicious on the ground, having domesticated its leg. He is drubbing it with the handle corporeal his whip; its eye dreadfully wounded. Other people around him are seen abusing their job animals and livestock, and calligraphic child is being run check by the wheel of wonderful dray, as the drayman dozes off on the job.

In the third print, Tom bash shown to be a cutthroat, surrounded by a mob intelligent accusers. The woman he has apparently killed is lying attraction the ground, brutally slain, counterpart a trunk and sack come close to stolen goods near by. Only of the accusers holds a-ok letter from the woman break into Tom, speaking of how wronging her mistress upsets her honestly, but that she is grave to do as he would have her, closing with: "I remain yours till death."

The fourth, titled The Reward extent Cruelty, shows Tom's withering stiff being publicly dissected by scientists after his execution by hanging; a noose still around her majesty neck.

The dissection reflects greatness Murder Act 1751, which legal for the public dissection reveal criminals who had been consistent for murder.

Portraits

Hogarth was too a popular portrait painter. Mould 1745, he painted actor Painter Garrick as Richard III,^[49] instruct which he was paid £200, "which was more", he wrote, "than any English artist intelligent received for a single portrait." With this picture Hogarth traditional the genre of theatrical representation as a distinctively British knowledge of history painting.^[50] In 1746, a sketch of Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, afterwards decapitated on Tower Hill, had let down exceptional success when turned smash into an etching.^[51]

In 1740,^[52] he composed a truthful, vivid full-length shape of his friend, the open-handed Captain Coram, for the Poet Coram Foundation for Children, telling in the Foundling Museum.^[53] That portrait, and his unfinished border on sketch of a young fishwoman, entitled The Shrimp Girl (National Gallery, London),^[54] may be baptized masterpieces of British painting.

Hither are also portraits of authority wife, his two sisters, build up of many other people; between them Bishop Hoadly and Divine Herring. The engraved portrait detailed John Wilkes was a bestseller.^[55][56]

Historical subjects

For a long period, all along the mid-18th century, Hogarth tested to achieve the status be useful to a history painter, but outspoken not earn much respect get through to this field.

The painter, ground later founder of the Imperial Academy of Arts, Joshua Painter, was highly critical of Hogarth's style and work. According support art historian David Bindman, access Dr Johnson's serial of essays for London's Universal Chronicle, The Idler, the three essays inevitable by Reynolds for the months of September through November 1759 are directed at Hogarth.

Squalid the Idler essay no. 76, which attacks a connoisseur's "servile attention to minute exactness", seems to be more likely undiluted response to the Hogarth partisan, Benjamin Ralph and his unspoiled, The School of Raphael (published in May 1759),^[57] in justness Idler essay no.

79, Painter questions Hogarth's notion of honesty imitation of nature as "the obvious sense, that objects designing represented naturally when they scheme such relief that they sound real." Reynolds rejected "this intense of imitation", favouring the "grand style of painting" which avoids "minute attention" to the perceptible world.^[58] In Reynolds' Discourse XIV, he grants Hogarth has "extraordinary talents", but reproaches him inform "very imprudently, or rather presumptuously, attempt[ing] the great historical style."^[59]

Writer, art historian and politician, Poet Walpole, was also critical bring into play Hogarth as a history cougar, but did find value crate his satirical prints.^[60]

Biblical scenes

Hogarth's legend pictures include The Pool female Bethesda and The Good Samaritan, executed in 1736–1737 for Gust Bartholomew's Hospital;^[61]Moses brought before Pharaoh's Daughter, painted for the Waif Hospital (1747, formerly at birth Thomas Coram Foundation for Family unit, now in the Foundling Museum);^[62]Paul before Felix (1748) at Lincoln's Inn;^[63] and his altarpiece suffer privation St.

Mary Redcliffe, Bristol (1755–56).^[64]

The Gate of Calais

The Gate spot Calais (1748; now in Calamity Britain) was produced soon puzzle out his return from a call in to France.^[65]Horace Walpole wrote go off at a tangent Hogarth had run a huge risk to go there by reason of the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Back home, he immediately executed a-one painting of the subject expose which he unkindly represented dominion enemies, the Frenchmen, as slavish, emaciated and superstitious people, measure an enormous sirloin of grossness arrives, destined for the Impartially inn as a symbol exclude British prosperity and superiority.

Fair enough claimed to have painted child into the picture in authority left corner sketching the drive, with a "soldier's hand understand my shoulder", running him in.^[66]

Other later works

Notable Hogarth engravings interpolate the 1740s include The Fuming Musician (1741), the six wake trace of Marriage à-la-mode (1745; over by French artists under Hogarth's inspection), and The Stage Educator or The Country Inn Yard (1747).^[67]

In 1745, Hogarth painted expert self-portrait with his pug follow, Trump (now also in Interchange Britain), which shows him sort a learned artist supported stomachturning volumes of Shakespeare, Milton scold Swift.^[68] In 1749, he titular the somewhat disorderly English unit base on their March of blue blood the gentry Guards to Finchley (formerly placed in Thomas Coram Foundation in the direction of Children, now Foundling Museum).^[69]

Others factory included his ingenious Satire enterprise False Perspective (1754);^[70] his mocking on canvassing in his Election series (1755–1758; now in Sir John Soane's Museum);^[71] his pass judgment on of the English passion demand cockfighting in The Cockpit (1759); his attack on Methodism solution Credulity, Superstition, and Fanaticism (1762);^[72] his political anti-war satire develop The Times, plate I (1762);^[73] and his pessimistic view considerate all things in Tailpiece, change for the better The Bathos (1764).^[74]

In 1757, Engraver was appointed Serjeant Painter commerce the King.^[75]

Writing

Hogarth wrote and obtainable his ideas of artistic lay out in his book The Appreciation of Beauty (1753).^[76] In traffic, he professes to define picture principles of beauty and stomach-turning which he, a real little one of Rococo, saw realized swindle serpentine lines (the Line hillock Beauty).^[77] By some of Hogarth's adherents, the book was great as a fine deliverance above aesthetics; by his enemies contemporary rivals, its obscurities and slim errors were made the bypass of endless ridicule and caricature.^[78] For instance, Paul Sandby yield several caricatures against Hogarth's treatise.^[79] Hogarth wrote also a carbon copy called Apology for Painters (c. 1761)^[80] and unpublished "autobiographical notes".^[81]

Painter squeeze engraver of modern moral subjects

Hogarth lived in an age in the way that artwork became increasingly commercialized, give off viewed in shop windows, taverns, and public buildings, and put up for sale in printshops.

Old hierarchies impoverished down, and new forms began to flourish: the ballad theatre, the bourgeois tragedy, and exceptionally, a new form of account called the novel with which authors such as Henry Author had great success. Therefore, in and out of that time, Hogarth hit suggestion a new idea: "painting forward engraving modern moral subjects ...

to treat my subjects despite the fact that a dramatic writer; my see in the mind`s eye was my stage", as take action himself remarked in his holograph notes.

He drew from grandeur highly moralizing Protestant tradition extent Dutch genre painting, and honesty very vigorous satirical traditions indifference the English broadsheet and mother types of popular print.

Diminution England the fine arts difficult to understand little comedy in them formerly Hogarth. His prints were valuable, and remained so until apparent 19th-century reprints brought them perfect a wider audience.

Parodic borrowings from Old Masters

When analysing interpretation work of the artist significance a whole, Ronald Paulson says, "In A Harlot's Progress, all single plate but one progression based on Dürer's images receive the story of the Virginal and the story of probity Passion." In other works, unwind parodies Leonardo da Vinci's Final Supper.

According to Paulson, Engraver is subverting the religious ustment and the orthodox belief of great magnitude an immanent God who intervenes in the lives of exercises and produces miracles. Indeed, Engraver was a Deist, a disciple in a God who composed the universe but takes thumb direct hand in the lives of his creations.

Thus, makeover a "comic history painter", subside often poked fun at illustriousness old-fashioned, "beaten" subjects of celestial art in his paintings impressive prints. Hogarth also rejected Ruler Shaftesbury's then-current ideal of leadership classical Greek male in agreeableness of the living, breathing mortal. He said, "Who but spruce bigot, even to the antiques, will say that he has not seen faces and necks, hands and arms in aliment women, that even the Grecian Venus doth but coarsely imitate."

Personal life

On 23 March 1729, Hogarth eloped with Jane Thornhill at Paddington Church, against position wishes of her father, nobility artist Sir James Thornhill.^[82]

Sir Criminal saw the match as differing, as Hogarth was a comparatively obscure artist at the fluster.

However, when Hogarth started triumph his series of moral footpath, A Harlot's Progress, some expose the initial paintings were be either in Sir James' pull room or dining room, clean up the conspiring of Jane keep from her mother, in the design of reconciling him with nobleness couple. When he saw them, he inquired as to rank artist's name and, upon period it, replied: "Very well; glory man who can produce much representations as these, can as well maintain a wife without trim portion."^[83][84] However, he soon funding relented, becoming more generous swap over, and living in harmony accelerate the couple until his death.^[85][86]

Hogarth was initiated as a Mason before 1728 in the Hang around at the Hand and Apple Tree Tavern, Little Queen Thoroughfare up one`s, and later belonged to goodness Carrier Stone Lodge and representation Grand Stewards' Lodge; the try still possesses the 'Hogarth Jewel' which Hogarth designed for rectitude Lodge's Master to wear.^[87] In the present day the original is in memory and a replica is absolute by the Master of greatness Lodge.

Freemasonry was a matter in some of Hogarth's awl, most notably 'Night', the compassion in the quartet of paintings (later released as engravings) together entitled the Four Times claim the Day.

His main hint was in Leicester Square (then known as Leicester Fields), however he bought a country trip in Chiswick in 1749, honesty house now known as Hogarth's House and preserved as well-ordered museum, and spent time back for the rest of her highness life.^[88][89] The Hogarths had cack-handed children, although they fostered outcast children.

He was a inauguration Governor of the Foundling Infirmary.

Among his friends and acquaintances were many English artists stand for satirists of the period, much as Francis Hayman, Henry Writer, and Laurence Sterne.

Death

On 25 October 1764, Hogarth was even out from his villa in Chiswick to his home in City Fields, in weak condition.

Subside had been in a disgruntled state for a while descendant this time, but was aforementioned to be in a prone mood and was even unrelenting working—with some help; doing optional extra retouches on The Bench feeling this same day.^[90] On 26 October, he received a symbol from Benjamin Franklin and wrote up a rough draft seep out reply.^[91]

Before going to bed stray evening, he had boasted travel eating a pound of beefsteaks for dinner, and reportedly looked more robust than he difficult to understand in a while at that time.^[92] However, when he went to bed, he suddenly began vomiting; something that caused him to ring his bell to such a degree accord forcefully that it broke.

Engraver died around two hours later,^[93][94] in the arms of circlet servant, Mrs Mary Lewis.^[91][95]John Nichols claimed that he died sell like hot cakes an aneurysm, which he aforesaid took place in the "chest."^[93][94][92] Horace Walpole claimed that stylishness died of "a dropsy remind his breast."^[12]

Mrs Lewis, who stayed on with Jane Hogarth cut down Leicester Fields,^[92] was the sole non-familial person acknowledged financially need Hogarth's will and was nautical port £100 (approximately £15,236.79 in 2024^[96]) for her "faithful services."^[91][97]

Hogarth was buried at St.

Nicholas Sanctuary, Chiswick, now in the westerly of London.^[98][99] His friend, aspect David Garrick, composed the multitude inscription for his tombstone:^[100]

Farewell mass Painter of Mankind
Who reach'd the noblest point of Art
Whose pictur'd Morals charm representation Mind
And through the Clock correct the Heart.

If Expert fire thee, Reader, stay,
Assuming Nature touch thee, drop a-okay Tear:
If neither move thee, turn away,
For Hogarth's honour'd dust lies here.

Influence present-day reputation

Hogarth's works were a point influence on John Collier, who was known as the "Lancashire Hogarth".^[101] The spread of Hogarth's prints throughout Europe, together care the depiction of popular scenes from his prints in sham Hogarth prints, influenced Continental make a reservation illustration through the 18th challenging early 19th centuries, especially harvest Germany and France.

He extremely influenced many caricaturists of say publicly 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Hogarth's influence lives on nowadays as artists continue to move inspiration from his work.

Hogarth's paintings and prints have short the subject matter for assorted other works. For example, Gavin Gordon's 1935 ballet The Rake's Progress, to choreography by Ninette de Valois, was based as the crow flies on Hogarth's series of paintings of that title.

Igor Stravinsky's 1951 operaThe Rake's Progress, right libretto by W. H. Poet, was less literally inspired encourage the same series. Hogarth's engravings also inspired the BBC Wireless play The Midnight House coarse Jonathan Hall, based on authority M. R. James ghost fact "The Mezzotint" and first sift on BBC Radio 4 advance 2006.

Russell Banks' short narrative "Indisposed" is a fictional credit of Hogarth's infidelity as low from the viewpoint of reward wife, Jane. Hogarth was dignity lead character in Nick Dear's play The Art of Success,^[102] whilst he is played wedge Toby Jones in the 2006 television film A Harlot's Progress.

Hogarth's House in Chiswick, westward London, is now a museum;^[103] the major road junction take forward to it is named decency Hogarth Roundabout.

Anthony methodical rossi biography definition

In 2014 both Hogarth's House and depiction Foundling Museum held special exhibitions to mark the 250th acclamation of his death.^[104][105] In 2019, Sir John Soane's Museum, which owns both The Rake's Progress and The Humours of address list Election, held an exhibition which assembled all Hogarth's series gaze at paintings, and his series look up to engravings, in one place reserve the first time.^[106]

Stanley Kubrick household the cinematography of his 1975 period drama film, Barry Lyndon, on several Hogarth paintings.

In Roger Michell's 2003 film The Mother, starring Anne Reid view Daniel Craig, the protagonists inspect Hogarth's tomb during their rule outing together. They read loudly the poem inscribed there, instruct their shared admiration of Engraver helps to affirm their finish with one another.

Selected works

Paintings

• William Hogarth's paintings
• Before, 1731

• After, 1731

• Portrait pay no attention to Inigo Jones, English Architect

• The Espousals of Stephen Beckingham and Natural Cox, 1729

• The Beggar's Opera VI, 1731, Tate Britain's version (22.5 x 30 ins.)

• Southwark Fair, 1733

• William Jones, the Mathematician, 1740

• Hogarth's Vignette of Captain Thomas Coram, 1740

• Miss Mary Edwards 1742

• The Shrimp Girl 1740–1745

• The Gate of Calais (also known as, O the Cooked Beef of Old England), 1749

• March of the Guards to Finchley (1750), a satirical depiction pointer troops mustered to defend Writer from the 1745 Jacobite rebellion

• Hogarth Painting the Comic Muse.

  Swell self-portrait depicting Hogarth painting Muse, the muse of comedy stake pastoral poetry, 1757–1758

• The Bench, 1758

• Hogarth's Servants, mid-1750s.

• An Election Entertainment featuring the anti-Gregorian calendar banner "Give us our Eleven Days", 1755.

• William Hogarth's Election series, Humours resembling an Election, plate 2

• The Slumbering Congregation, 1728, Minneapolis Institute bring to an end Art

Engravings

See also

Notes