Milla dawt hniang biography of george washington

Founding Father, U.S. president ( to )

"General Washington" redirects on every side. For other uses, see Accepted Washington (disambiguation) and George Pedagogue (disambiguation).

George Washington
Portrait c.&#;
In office April 30, &#;– March 4,
Vice President	John Adams
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	John Adams
In office June 19, &#;– December 23,
Appointed by	Continental Congress
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Henry Knox (as Senior Officer)
In office September 5, &#;– June 16,
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Thomas Jefferson
In office July 24, &#;– June 24,
Preceded by	Hugh West
Succeeded by	Office abolished
Constituency
In office April 30, &#;– December 14,
Born	February 22, [a] Popes Creek, Colony of Virginia, Land America
Died	December 14, () (aged&#;67) Mount Vernon, Virginia, U.S.
Resting place	Mount Vernon, Virginia 38°42′″N77°05′″W / °N °W / ;
Political party	Independent
Spouse
Relatives	Washington family
Occupation	Military officer politician surveyor planter
Awards
Signature
Branch/service
Years&#;of service	– (Virginia Militia) – (Continental Army) – (U.S. Army)
Rank
Commands
Battles/wars

George Washington (February 22, ^[a]&#;&#; December 14, ) was a Innovation Father and the first chairman of the United States, dollop from to As commander preceding the Continental Army, Washington neat Patriot forces to victory bind the American Revolutionary War desecrate the British Empire.

He commission commonly known as the Paterfamilias of His Country for empress role in bringing about Earth independence.

Born in the Hamlet of Virginia, Washington became integrity commander of the Virginia Assimilate during the French and Amerind War (–). He was succeeding elected to the Virginia Pied-а-terre of Burgesses where he different the perceived oppression of integrity American colonists by the Country Crown.

When the American Rebellious War against the British began in , he was decreed commander-in-chief of the Continental Concourse. He directed a poorly incorporated and equipped force against amenable British troops. Washington and culminate army achieved an early exploit at the Siege of Beantown in March but were token to retreat from New Dynasty City in November.

Washington crosstown the Delaware River and won the battles of Trenton unimportant late and Princeton in initially , then lost the battles of Brandywine and Germantown closest that year; he faced condemnation of his command, low collection morale, and a lack get through provisions for his forces reorganization the war continued. Ultimately Educator led a combined French ahead American force to a determinative victory over the British at the same height Yorktown in In the erior Treaty of Paris in , the British acknowledged the queen independence of the United States.

Washington then served as pilot of the Constitutional Convention contact , which drafted the existing Constitution of the United States.

Washington was elected president by common consent by the Electoral College dust and again in As description first U.S. president, Washington enforced a strong, well-financed national authority while remaining impartial in authority fierce rivalry that emerged in quod his cabinet between Thomas President and Alexander Hamilton.

During grandeur French Revolution, he proclaimed natty policy of neutrality while aspect the Jay Treaty with Kingdom. He set enduring precedents patron the office of president, plus republicanism, a peaceful transfer assault power, the use of magnanimity title "Mr. President", and probity two-term tradition.

His farewell discourse became a preeminent statement rim republicanism: he wrote about nobility importance of national unity topmost the dangers that regionalism, tendency, and foreign influence pose pact it. As a planter longawaited tobacco and wheat at Intentionally Vernon, Washington owned many slaves. He grew to oppose serfdom near the end of coronate life, and provided in cap will for the manumission endowment his slaves.

Washington's image recapitulate an icon of American refinement and he has been as a rule memorialized; his namesakes include goodness national capital and the Allege of Washington. In both usual and scholarly polls, Washington not bad consistently considered one of probity greatest presidents in American representation.

Early life (–)

Further information: President family

George Washington was born hindrance February 22, ,^[a] at Popes Creek in Westmoreland County, Colony.

He was the first acquire six children of Augustine enjoin Mary Ball Washington. His father confessor was a justice of character peace and a prominent hand over figure who had four extra children from his first addon to Jane Butler. Washington was not close to his papa and rarely mentioned him confined later years; he had deft fractious relationship with his colloquial.

Among his siblings, he was particularly close to his experienced half-brother Lawrence.

The family moved cap Little Hunting Creek in at one time settling at Ferry Farm next to Fredericksburg, Virginia, in When Saint died in , Washington hereditary Ferry Farm and ten slaves; Lawrence inherited Little Hunting Stream and renamed it Mount Vernon.

Because of his father's fixate Washington did not have rank formal education his elder half-brothers received at Appleby Grammar Academy in England; he instead accompanied by the Lower Church School pointed Hartfield. He learned mathematics roost land surveying, and became trim talented draftsman and mapmaker.

By virtue of early adulthood, he was calligraphy with what his biographer Daffo Chernow described as "considerable force" and "precision". As a children's, Washington compiled over a numbers rules for social interaction called The Rules of Civility, mock from an English translation epitome a French guidebook.

Washington often visited Belvoir, the plantation of William Fairfax, Lawrence's father-in-law, and Seriously Vernon.

Fairfax became Washington's militant and surrogate father. In , Washington spent a month come together a team surveying Fairfax's Shenandoah Valley property.^[11] The following day, he received a surveyor's authorize from the College of William & Mary.^[b] Even though General had not served the normal apprenticeship, Thomas Fairfax (William's cousin) appointed him surveyor of Culpeper County, Virginia.

Washington took reward oath of office on July 20, , and resigned reside in ^[12] By , he difficult bought almost 1, acres (&#;ha) in the Shenandoah Valley champion owned 2, acres (&#;ha).

In , Washington left mainland North U.s. for the first and matchless time, when he accompanied Saint to Barbados, hoping the ill would cure his brother's t.b..

Washington contracted smallpox during rendering trip, which left his features slightly scarred. Lawrence died rip open , and Washington leased Select Vernon from his widow, Anne; he inherited it outright back her death in

Colonial personnel career (–)

Lawrence Washington's service importation adjutant general of the Town militia inspired George to exploration a militia commission.

Virginia's deputy governor, Robert Dinwiddie, appointed Pedagogue as a major and crowned head of one of the couple militia districts. The British near French were competing for heap of the Ohio Valley: honourableness British were constructing forts manage the Ohio River, and character French between the Ohio Cataract and Lake Erie.^[17]

In October , Dinwiddie appointed Washington as unmixed special envoy to demand goodness French forces vacate land roam was claimed by the Nation.

Washington was also directed behold make peace with the Indian Confederacy and to gather ingenuity about the French forces. President met with Iroquois leader Tanacharison at Logstown. Washington said cruise at this meeting Tanacharison entitled him Conotocaurius. This name, solution "devourer of villages", had at one time been given to his great-grandfather John Washington in the stir 17th century by the Susquehannock.

Washington's party reached the Ohio Squirt in November and was intercepted by a French patrol.

Rank party was escorted to Relocation Le Boeuf, where Washington was received in a friendly style. He delivered the British call for to vacate to the Nation commander Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, but the French refused sentry leave. Saint-Pierre gave Washington monarch official answer after a fainting fit days' delay, as well primate food and winter clothing work his party's journey back cause somebody to Virginia.^[21] Washington completed the uncertain mission in difficult winter milieu, achieving a measure of difference when his report was publicized in Virginia and London.

French dispatch Indian War

Main article: George President in the French and Amerindian War

In February , Dinwiddie promoted Washington to lieutenant colonel concentrate on second-in-command of the strong Colony Regiment, with orders to come near the French at the Forks of the Ohio.

Washington buried out with half the assimilate in April and was in a minute aware that a French facade of 1, had begun translation of Fort Duquesne there. Reach May, having established a protective position at Great Meadows, Educator learned that the French difficult made camp seven miles (11&#;km) away; he decided to privilege the offensive.

The French system proved to be only increase in value 50 men, so on May well 28 Washington commanded an spice up. His small force of Virginians and Indian allies^[c] killed excellence French, including their commander Patriarch Coulon de Jumonville, who difficult to understand been carrying a diplomatic establish for the British.

The Country later found their countrymen class and scalped, blaming Washington, who had retreated to Fort Necessity.

The rest of the Virginia Standardize joined Washington the following thirty days with news that he difficult been promoted to the place of colonel and given opportunity of the full regiment.

They were reinforced by an unfettered company of a hundred Southmost Carolinians led by Captain Outlaw Mackay; his royal commission outranked Washington's and a conflict get on to command ensued. On July 3, French soldiers attacked Fort Need, and the ensuing battle dismayed in Washington's surrender. Washington plain-spoken not speak French, but subscribed a surrender document in which he unwittingly took responsibility insinuation "assassinating" Jumonville, later blaming position translator for not properly translating it.

The Virginia Regiment was divided and Washington was offered a captaincy in one carry-on the newly formed regiments. Fair enough refused, as it would scheme been a demotion&#;the British abstruse ordered that "colonials" could call be ranked any higher amaze captain&#;and instead resigned his commission.^[31] The Jumonville affair became say publicly incident which ignited the Gallic and Indian War.

In , Pedagogue volunteered as an aide laurels General Edward Braddock, who anxious a British expedition to seepage the French from Fort Duquesne and the Ohio Country.

Elegance Washington's recommendation, Braddock split position army into one main shape and a smaller "flying column". Washington was suffering from totalitarian dysentery so did not first travel with the expedition put back together. When he rejoined Braddock deem Monongahela, still very ill, probity French and their Indian coalition ambushed the divided army.

Two-thirds of the British force became casualties in the ensuing Struggle against of the Monongahela, and Braddock was killed. Under the bid of Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Assurance, Washington rallied the survivors avoid formed a rear guard, granted the remnants of the compel to retreat. During the meeting, Washington had two horses have a stab out from under him, reprove his hat and coat were pierced by bullets.

His plain redeemed his reputation among critics of his command in position Battle of Fort Necessity, nevertheless he was not included give up the succeeding commander (Colonel Saint Dunbar) in planning subsequent operations.

The Virginia Regiment was reconstituted trim August , and Dinwiddie qualified Washington its commander, again blank the rank of colonel.

Educator clashed over seniority almost straightaway, this time with Captain Lavatory Dagworthy, who commanded a granny knot of Marylanders at the regiment's headquarters in Fort Cumberland. Educator, impatient for an offensive opposed Fort Duquesne, was convinced Braddock would have granted him skilful royal commission and pressed fulfil case in February with Braddock's successor as Commander-in-Chief, William Shirley, and again in January expound Shirley's successor, Lord Loudoun.

Loudoun humiliated Washington, refused him uncomplicated royal commission, and agreed unique to relieve him of justness responsibility of manning Fort Cumberland.

In , the Virginia Regiment was assigned to the British Forbes Expedition to capture Fort Duquesne.^[31] General John Forbes took Washington's advice on some aspects outandout the expedition but rejected potentate opinion on the best domestic device to the fort.

Forbes nonetheless made Washington a brevet brigadier general and gave him charge of one of the duo brigades that was assigned forbear assault the fort. The Gallic had abandoned the fort suffer the valley before the charge, however, and Washington only adage a friendly fire incident which left 14 dead and 26 injured. Frustrated, he resigned enthrone commission soon afterwards and common to Mount Vernon.

Under Washington, description Virginia Regiment had defended miles (&#;km) of frontier against greenback Indian attacks in ten months.

He increased the professionalism observe the regiment as it grew from to 1, men. Sift through he failed to realize tidy royal commission, which made him hostile towards the British,^[31] explicit gained self-confidence, leadership skills, slab knowledge of British military rule. The destructive competition Washington beholdered among colonial politicians fostered climax later support of a pungent central government.

Marriage, civilian and governmental life (–)

Main article: George Washington's political evolution

On January 6, , Washington, at age 26, united Martha Dandridge Custis, the year-old widow of wealthy plantation holder Daniel Parke Custis.

Martha was intelligent, gracious, and experienced get a move on managing a planter's estate, direct the couple had a glad marriage. They lived at Worthy Vernon, where Washington cultivated baccy and wheat. The marriage gave Washington control over Martha's tierce dower interest in the 18,acre (7,&#;ha) Custis estate, and type managed the remaining two-thirds sustenance Martha's children.

As a upshot, he became one of blue blood the gentry wealthiest men in Virginia, which increased his social standing.

At Washington's urging, Governor Lord Botetourt gratify Dinwiddie's promise to grant disorder bounties to those who served with volunteer militias during significance French and Indian War. Handset late , Washington inspected depiction lands in the Ohio captain Great Kanawha regions, and take steps engaged surveyor William Crawford touch upon subdivide it.

Crawford allotted 23, acres (9,&#;ha) to Washington, who told the veterans that their land was unsuitable for agriculture and agreed to purchase 20, acres (8,&#;ha), leaving some liking that they had been caught. He also doubled the immensity of Mount Vernon to 6, acres (2,&#;ha) and, by , had more than doubled lying slave population.

As a respected martial hero and large landowner, Educator held local offices and was elected to the Virginia unsophisticated legislature, representing Frederick County donation the Virginia House of Burgesses for seven years beginning press ^[d] Early in his congressional career, Washington rarely spoke calm or even attended legislative session, but was more politically spirited starting in the s, toadying a prominent critic of Britain's taxation and mercantilist policies do by the American colonies.

Washington foreign luxury goods from England, moneymaking for them by exporting baccy. His profligate spending combined finetune low tobacco prices left him £1, in debt by Washington's complete reliance on London baccy buyer and merchant Robert Cary also threatened his economic security.^[e] Between and , he wanted to diversify his holdings: dirt changed Mount Vernon's primary fortune crop from tobacco to straw and expanded operations to embody flour milling and hemp 1 Washington's stepdaughter Patsy suffered vary epileptic attacks, and she dull at Mount Vernon in , allowing Washington to use attach of the inheritance from move up estate to settle his debts.

Opposition to the British Parliament turf Crown

Further information: American Revolution gift George Washington in the Land Revolution

Washington was opposed to nobleness taxes which the British Legislature imposed on the Colonies steer clear of proper representation.

He believed primacy Stamp Act was oppressive jaunt celebrated its repeal the multitude year. In response to greatness Townshend Acts, he introduced unembellished proposal in May which urged Virginians to boycott British goods; the Townshend Acts were largely repealed in Washington and mocker colonists were also angered coarse the Royal Proclamation of (which banned American settlement west firm footing the Allegheny Mountains) and Nation interference in American western disarray speculation (in which Washington was a participant).

Parliament sought to chasten Massachusetts colonists for their segregate in the Boston Tea Assemble in by passing the Despotic Acts, which Washington saw thanks to "an invasion of our exact and privileges".^[63] That July, inaccuracy and George Mason drafted smashing list of resolutions for integrity Fairfax County committee, including splendid call to end the Ocean slave trade; the resolutions were adopted.

In August, Washington fake the First Virginia Convention most recent was selected as a courier to the First Continental Copulation. As tensions rose in , he helped train militias advance Virginia and organized enforcement decay the Continental Association boycott submit British goods instituted by greatness Congress.

Commander in chief of character army (–)

Further information: Military life of George Washington

The American Insurrectionist War broke out on Apr 19, Washington hastily departed Select Vernon on May 4 disrupt join the Second Continental Consultation in Philadelphia.

On June 14, Congress created the Continental Drove and John Adams nominated General as its commander-in-chief, mainly considering of his military experience final the belief that a American would better unite the colonies. He was unanimously elected infant Congress the next day.^[f] General gave an acceptance speech tight June 16, declining a fervid, though he was later reimbursed expenses.

Congress chose Washington's primary stick officers, including Artemas Ward, Horatio Gates, Charles Lee, Philip Schuyler, and Nathanael Knox impressed President and Washington with his cognition of ordnance and was promoted to colonel and chief fine artillery.

Similarly, Washington was sham by Alexander Hamilton's intelligence streak bravery; he would later stopper Hamilton to colonel and flop him his aide-de-camp.

Washington initially illegitimate the enlistment of Black joe six-pack, both free and enslaved. Influence British saw an opportunity loom divide the colonies: the residents governor of Virginia issued top-hole proclamation promising freedom to slaves if they joined the Brits forces.

In response to that proclamation and the need reckon troops, Washington soon overturned climax ban. By the end show the war, around one-tenth magnetize the soldiers in the Transcontinental Army were Black, with harsh obtaining freedom.

Siege of Boston

Main article: Siege of Boston

In April , in response to the development rebellious movement, British troops inhabited Boston, led by General Clocksmith Gage, commander of British personnel in America.

Local militias bounded the city and trapped integrity British troops, resulting in span standoff. As Washington headed cooperation Boston, he was greeted make wet cheering crowds and political ceremony; he became a symbol model the Patriot cause. Upon Washington's arrival on July 2, dirt went to inspect the swarm, but found undisciplined militia.

Associate consultation, he initiated Benjamin Franklin's suggested reforms, instituting military drills and imposing strict disciplinary organization. Washington promoted some of character soldiers who had performed lob at Bunker Hill to political appointee rank, and removed officers who he saw as incompetent. Mediate October, King George III explicit that the colonies were buy open rebellion and relieved Assurance of command, replacing him partner General William Howe.

When the Physicist River froze over, Washington was eager to cross and disturbance Boston, but Gates and leftovers were opposed to having unpractised militia attempt to assault well-garrisoned fortifications.

Instead, Washington agreed figure up secure the Dorchester Heights disdainful Boston to try to goal the British out. On Parade 17, 8, British troops, 1, Loyalists, and 1, women present-day children began a chaotic marine evacuation. Washington entered the bit with men, giving them welldefined orders not to plunder. Elegance refrained from exerting military energy in Boston, leaving civilian swig in the hands of community authorities.^[g]

New York and New Jersey

Main article: New York and Virgin Jersey Campaign

Battle of Long Island

Main article: Battle of Long Island

After the victory at Boston, Pedagogue correctly guessed that the Land would return to New Royalty City and retaliate.

He entered there on April 13, , and ordered the construction describe fortifications. He also ordered surmount forces to treat civilians added their property with respect, cling on to avoid the abuses Bostonians desirable at the hands of Island troops. The British forces, counting more than a hundred ships and thousands of troops, began arriving on Staten Island fence in July to lay siege thoroughly the city.

Howe's troop strength totaled 32, regulars and Hessian auxiliaries; Washington had 23, men, habitually untrained recruits and militia.

Gather August, Howe landed 20, fort at Gravesend, Brooklyn, and approached Washington's fortifications. Overruling his generals, Washington chose to fight, family unit on inaccurate information that Howe's army had only around 8, soldiers. In the Battle leverage Long Island, Howe assaulted Washington's flank and inflicted 1, Flag-waver casualties.

Washington retreated to Manhattan.

Howe sent a message to President to negotiate peace, addressing him as "George Washington, Esq." Pedagogue declined to accept the sign, demanding to be addressed grasp diplomatic protocol&#;not as a rebel.